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Precise Surveying - Field Applications & Concepts
Observation Time Charts:
Not surprisingly, the minimum observation times in post-
processed surveys are roughly equal to the TTFF’s in real-time
surveys, for the same type of equipment, baseline and
initialization methods.
For single-frequency receivers using the initializer bar
(baseline length: 20 cm), the minimum observation time is
about 60 seconds when one or more SBAS satellites are in
view and their collection data are available.
GNSS Antennas and Antenna Heights
GNSS Antenna
Features
The figure below represents a generic GNSS antenna showing
the features that are critical to precise surveying.
10 km0 km
20 km
Baseline
length
Minimum observation time
3 s
300 s
30 s
Kinematic OTF
Known PointK
nown Point
Dual-Frequency
Receivers
Single-Frequency
Receivers
10 km0 km
20 km
Baseline
length
Minimum observation time
0.5 min
50 min
5 min
Kinematic OTF
Known PointKn
o
wn Point
1
6
5
2
3
4
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