Spectra-precision Survey Pro v3.80 Recon GPS User Manual Manual de usuario descargar pdf (Pagina 12)

GPS User’s Manual

Coordinate Systems

A coordinate system is a way to describe positions in a datum.

Coordinate systems range from simple Cartesian (y,x) or (N,E)

positions on a flat plane to complex geodetic latitudes and longitudes

on a reference ellipsoid.

Below is a description of some coordinate systems common in

surveying:

•

Northing, Easting, Elevation

Survey projects usually use simple plane coordinates. We assume our

local datum models a flat earth, and we calculate coordinates in a

Cartesian system where the simple laws of plane trigonometry apply.

When a vertical coordinate is required, most survey projects require

orthometric elevations.

•

Lat, Lng, Ht

Geodetic horizontal coordinates are usually expressed as two angles

called latitude and longitude (φ, λ). Geodetic vertical coordinates are

usually expressed as the distance above the ellipsoid called height.

The angles describe a point’s position on the surface of the reference

ellipsoid. The height describes the altitude normal to the surface of

the reference ellipsoid.

Fig. 1: Ellipsoidal Geodetic

Coordinates

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Spectra-precision Survey Pro v3.80 Recon GPS User Manual Manual de usuario Pagina 12