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GPS Overview
213
• ECEF XYZ
Geodetic coordinates are sometimes given in the Earth Centered
Earth Fixed (ECEF) Cartesian coordinate system. This coordinate
system has its origin at the Earth’s center of mass, the primary (Z)
axis is the earth’s spin axis; the secondary (X) axis is the intersection
of the equatorial plane and the mean meridian of Greenwich; the
tertiary (Y) axis is orthogonal in a right handed system. An ECEF
XYZ coordinate can be converted into the corresponding lat, lng, ht
using standard formulas.
For many surveying applications, the horizontal and vertical
coordinate systems are separate. Below are descriptions of common
horizontal and vertical coordinate systems used in surveying and
mapping.
Fig. 2: Earth Centered Earth
Fixed Geodetic Coordinates
G
r
e
e
n
w
i
c
h
M
e
r
i
d
i
a
n
E
q
u
a
t
o
r
φ
λ
X
Z
Y
h
z
y
x
- SURVEY PRO 1
- Table of Contents 3
- Welcome 11
- Getting Started 13
- Survey Pro Installation 14
- Registering 14
- Angle and Time Conventions 16
- Using Survey Pro 17
- Command Bar 20
- Parts of a Screen 22
- Power Buttons 23
- Choose From Map Button 23
- Scroll Buttons 23
- Input Shortcuts 24
- Point List Editor 26
- Quick Pick 28
- Smart Targets 29
- Manage Smart Targets 30
- Map View 32
- Basemaps 34
- Manage Basemaps 35
- The Settings Screen 37
- File Management and 38
- ForeSight DXM 38
- Job Files 39
- Raw Data Files 40
- Control Files 41
- External Control File 42
- Description Files 43
- Description Files with Codes 45
- Opening a Description File 46
- Feature Codes 47
- Features 48
- Attributes 48
- Layer 0 50
- Other Special Layers 50
- Managing Layers 51
- Creating a New Layer 52
- Deleting a Layer 52
- Working with 2D Points 53
- Point Stake 54
- Offset Stake 54
- Slope Stake 54
- Control Points 54
- Polylines 55
- Alignments 55
- Creating an Alignment 56
- Horizontal Alignment 57
- Vertical Alignment 59
- Conventional Fieldwork 61
- Scenario One 62
- Scenario Two 62
- Scenario Three 63
- Scenario Four 64
- Summary 64
- Data Collection Example 66
- Performing a Side Shot 71
- Performing a Traverse Shot 72
- Data Collection Summary 74
- Stakeout Example 75
- Staking Points 77
- Point Staking Summary 80
- Surveying with True Azimuths 81
- Road Layout 83
- Road Component Rules 85
- Road Rules Examples 88
- Figure Descriptions 90
- Creating Templates 91
- and select 93
- Building an Alignment 94
- Putting the Road Together 94
- Add Widenings 97
- Add Super Elevations 98
- Staking the Road 101
- Slope Staking the Road 103
- Station Equation 105
- DTM Stakeout 107
- Set Up the Job 108
- Select Your Layers 110
- Select a Boundary (optional) 110
- Stake the DTM 113
- View the DTM 114
- Mapping Plane Scale 117
- Ellipsoid 118
- Mapping 118
- Combined Scale Factor 119
- Scale Factor Settings 120
- Grid Factor with Sea Level 122
- Map Plane Ground Coordinates 123
- Scale Factor for New Jobs 124
- Working with a Scale Factor 125
- Other Special Cases 127
- Other Tutorials 129
- Importing *.JOB Coordinates 130
- Importing *.CR5 Coordinates 130
- Importing LandXML Files 131
- Importing a LandXML File 132
- Import Control 134
- Exporting Coordinates 134
- Repetition Shots 135
- Repetition Settings Screen 136
- Repetition Shots Screen 138
- Radial Sideshots 139
- Shoot From Two Ends 142
- Offset Shots 143
- . If you 145
- Vertical Angle Offset Screen 146
- Resection 147
- Solar Observations 149
- Get local time now! 151
- What to Do Next 152
- Remote Control 153
- Taking a Shot in Remote Mode 154
- Stake Out in Remote Mode 155
- Slope Staking in Remote Mode 156
- GeoLock 157
- Configuring GeoLock 158
- Localizing 159
- Using GeoLock 159
- Slope Staking 160
- Edge of Road field 162
- Staking the Catch Point 163
- Intersection 166
- Map Check 167
- Editing Boundary Data 168
- Project 168
- 4 (hinge) 169
- Parallel Method 170
- Horizontal Curve Layout 171
- PC Deflection 172
- PI Deflection 172
- Tangent Offset 173
- Chord Offset 173
- Parabolic Curve Layout 175
- Spiral Layout 176
- Curve and Offset 177
- Setup Your Staking Options 178
- Aim the Total Station 179
- Stake the Point 179
- Scale Adjustment 180
- Translate Adjustment 181
- Translate by Coordinates 182
- Rotate Adjustment 183
- Traverse Adjust 184
- Compass Rule 185
- Adjust Sideshots 185
- Surface Scan 188
- Distance Grid 189
- Angle Grid 190
- Leveling Fieldwork 193
- Leveling Set Up 194
- Leveling Methods 195
- Auto Leveling 196
- Manual Leveling 196
- Level Loop Procedure 197
- Level Screen 199
- Turn to Benchmark 202
- Side Shots 205
- Adjustment 206
- 2 Peg Test 207
- GPS Overview 209
- RTK and Post Processing 210
- GPS Measurements 211
- GPS Network Servers 213
- (NTRIP) 214
- GPS Coordinates 215
- Horizontal Datums 217
- Vertical Datums 220
- Coordinate Systems 222
- Map Projections 224
- Scale Factors 226
- Vertical Coordinate Systems 229
- GPS Coordinates In 231
- Survey Pro 231
- Projection Mode 232
- Projection Mode Summary 233
- Mapping Plane Mode 236
- Localization Default Zone 237
- Localization Reset Origin 238
- Localization Select Zone 239
- Mapping Plane Select Zone 239
- Key In Zone 240
- Mapping Ground Coordinates 243
- . Tap Next> 244
- Coordinate System Database 246
- Managing GPS Coordinates in 247
- Import Job (Control) 248
- Import ASCII File 248
- Import .GPS File 249
- ForeSight DXM, SPSO, TGO 250
- TGO / TTC 251
- GPS Module 253
- Receiver Settings 254
- Start GPS Survey 257
- Point Setup 258
- Start GPS Survey - Choose 258
- Receiver 261
- Base Setup Two – SET 263
- Base Setup Two - GET and SET 263
- Rover Setup – Set Rover 265
- Solve Localization 269
- Horizontal 274
- Vertical: 276
- Localization Setup Groups 278
- Localization Calculator 280
- Remote Elevation 281
- Import GPS Control 282
- RTK Data Collection 286
- Data Collection 287
- Topo SS 288
- Offset Point 288
- Feature Collection 290
- Occupy Control Point 291
- Post Process 291
- RTK Stake Out 292
- Post Processing 292
- Field Procedure 293
- Office Procedure 295
- Projection Utilities 296
- Projection Calculator 300
- Convergence Calculator 301
- Bluetooth & Windows 302
- Networking 302
- Bluetooth Setup in Windows 303
- Devices 304
- Windows Networking 307
- Starting a Survey with VRS 311
- Basic GPS Module 313
- Serial Connection 314
- Bluetooth Connection 315
- RTK Data Modem Configuration 316
- Using a Cellular Phone 317
- Basic GPS Start Survey 321
- Set Up Rover 322
- Connect to Internet 323
- Select NTRIP Services Screen 324
- Setup Rover Screen 324
- Setup Remote Base 324
- Solve Projection 325
- Collect Control – Screen 1 327
- Collect Control – Screen 2 327
- Collect Check Point Prompt 329
- Collect Check Point Screen 329
- Connect to Base and Rover – 333
- TDS Localization ‘One Point 333
- Traverse Base 334
- Traverse Now Routine 335
- Occupy Then Traverse Routine 335
- References 337
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